What is Input and Output?

In Python, input and output refer to the mechanisms by which a program interacts with users.

• Input: Data provided by the user using the input() function.
• Output: Information displayed using the print() function.

Basic Input and Output Example

name = input("Enter your name: ")  
print("Hello,", name)
        

Taking Input in Python

The input() function reads user input as a string.

age = input("Enter your age: ")  
print("Your age is", age)
        

Type Conversion for Input

Convert input to integers or floats when necessary.

age = int(input("Enter your age: "))  
print("Next year, you will be", age + 1)
        

String Formatting for Output

name = "Alice"
age = 25
print(f"Name: {name}, Age: {age}")
print("Name: {} Age: {}".format(name, age))
print("Name: %s, Age: %d" % (name, age))
        

Taking Multiple Inputs

name, age = input("Enter name and age: ").split()  
print(f"Name: {name}, Age: {age}")
        

End and Separator in print()

print("Hello", end=" ")
print("World!")  # Output: Hello World!

print("Python", "Programming", sep=" - ")  # Output: Python - Programming
        

Best Practices for Input and Output

• Convert input to appropriate data types.
• Use f-strings for better readability.
• Use split() for multiple inputs.

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Summary

• Python uses input() for user input.
• The print() function displays output.
• String formatting improves output presentation.
• Use split() for multiple inputs.
• Always convert input types when dealing with numbers.