Concept of Odds in Favor and Against Data Science and A.I. Lecture Series Author: Bindeshwar Singh Kushwaha Institute: PostNetwork Academy Concept of Odds Odds in Favor and Against Odds in Favor: Ratio of favorable cases to unfavorable cases:\[ \text{Odds in favor of } A = m : (n – m) \] Odds Against: Ratio of […]
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Probability Problems Based on Classical Definition of Probability Data Science and A.I. Lecture Series Questions What is the total number of outcomes (sample space)? How do we determine favorable cases? How do probability rules apply to the problem? Example: Throwing Two Dice Find the probability of: A doublet (same number on both dice) Sum
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Covariance Made Simple: Unlocking the Secret of Relationships in Data Welcome to Postnetwork Academy! In this post, Bindeshwar explains the concept of covariance, a fundamental tool in statistics and data science. Covariance helps us understand how two variables move together—whether they increase, decrease, or show no relationship at all. What You’ll Learn in This
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Covariance Explained: Change of Origin vs. Scale Made Simple! Welcome to PostNetwork Academy’s Data Science and AI Lecture Series! In this post, we’ll explore the mathematical concept of covariance and how it behaves under changes of origin and scale. Let’s break it down step by step. Theorem: Covariance Independence We aim to prove that: Covariance
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Before understanding Binomial distribution you have to understand Bernoulli trial. What is Bernoulli trial? A Bernoulli trial is a random experiment in which there are two possible outcomes failure and success getting head when tossing a coin is success and getting tail is failure getting 4 is success when rolling a dice and failure when
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Variance and Standard Deviation are both essential concepts in statistics and finance. Let’s explore the differences between them: Variance: Definition: Variance is a numerical value that describes the variability of observations from their arithmetic mean. Calculation: To find the variance, calculate the squared differences between each data point and the mean, then average these squared
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Suppose you want to solve an equation x2+1=0 then you will get x=√-1 which does not belongs to real number system. Leonhard Euler proposed to write √-1 as i (iota) and gave concept of complex numbers. Integral Power of i (iota) i2=-1, i3=-i, i4=1 i5=i, i6=-1, i7=-1, i8=1
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A function is called identity function if its domain and range is set of real numbers i.e f:R–>R and is defined as f(x)=x. Further, in the below image you can see for every value of x , f(x) has the same value. In the graph, you can see a straight which passes through origin.
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Covariance and Correlation- Covariance and correlation both measure linear relationship between two variables. However, they differ at some points. In this post I will explain covariance and correlation and how they differ from each other. Covariance between two variables is written as Cov(X,Y) and is defined as Calculation of Covariance If you look at the
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Group in Algebra Let G be a non-empty set and * (multiplication) be a binary operation defined on G. Then algebraic structure (G, *) is called group if it satisfies the following axioms. 1- Closure property If a∈G, and b∈G then a*b∈G it is called closure property. of G 2- Associativity If a∈G, b∈G ,