Covariance Simplified: Learn It Once, Understand It Forever
Covariance Simplified: Learn It Once, Understand It Forever! Covariance measures the relationship between two random variables \(X\) and \(Y\). The formula for covariance is: \[ \text{Cov}(X, Y) = \frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^n (x_i – \bar{X})(y_i – \bar{Y}) \] Expanding the terms: \[ \text{Cov}(X, Y) = \frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^n \textcolor{red}{x_i y_i} – \textcolor{green}{x_i \bar{Y}} – \textcolor{blue}{\bar{X} y_i} + \textcolor{red}{\bar{X} […]
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